Colon cancer killed approximately 52,000 people in the United States in 2007 alone, according to the American College of Gastroenterology. As the second highest ranking cause of death by cancer, it is critical to get screened early before this silent killer finds another victim. Screening methods used are a quick, simple inconvenience to avoid becoming a colon cancer statistic.
Function
The American Cancer Society defines the sigmoidoscopy exam as a 20-minute procedure done either in the doctor's office or in an outpatient surgery center. The doctor is looking for potential blockages and polyps--small skin flaps which can become cancerous--and any other questionable content in the rectum and colon. The object is to locate any polyps and sections for biopsy. Sedation is an option for this exam.
Preparation
Preparation for this exam is the most inconvenient, consisting of the ingestion of clear fluids, laxatives and the use of enemas in order to completely clean out the colon before sigmoidoscopy. The American College of Gastroenterology suggests that this rids the body of excessive waste products and creates a cleaner, more precise exam process. The downside to this process is that it leaves the individual homebound for fear of accidents and with requirements for frequently using the restroom over a minimum of 24 hours.
Equipment & Technique
The sigmoidoscopy requires the use of a flexible, lighted tube which is about the width of a finger. With the individual lying on one side, it is first lubricated and then inserted into the rectum and into the lower portion of the colon. The camera in the tip helps the doctor view questionable content. With some equipment, the doctor is able to remove tissue and polyps to view under a microscope. In the event that the results show an abnormality, further testing will need to be run using different equipment and cleansing methods.
Considerations
There are several methods of colon cancer screenings available today. Your doctor may have alternative methods he employs instead of the traditional sigmoidoscopy. You also have the right to ask for a sedative to help ease the anxiety associated with this exam. Most exams will take anywhere from 20 to 45 minutes--not including preparation, waiting, and recovery time.
Side Effects
The National Cancer Institute suggests that the side effects associated with this exam are relatively minimal if any. Reports have indicated that bleeding, cramping of the stomach and the rare occurrence of bleeding or tearing in the lining of the colon are possible but rare.
