Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that is not preventable or curable. This disorder results from defective hemoglobin, the vital protein in the red blood cells, or erythrocytes, that carry oxygen. Unlike normal red blood cells that are round and smooth in shape, sickle cells are stiff and C-shaped. This makes them more likely to clump together and stick to the walls of blood vessels, blocking or decreasing the flow of blood. There are many health implications of sickle cell disease including pain, fatigue, weakness, abnormal growth and development, blood clots, infections, reduced immunity, skin ulcers, organ damage and stroke. Though there is not yet a cure for the disease itself, there are many treatments available to successfully reduce its symptoms and complications, as outlined by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
Pain Medication
The effects of sickle cell disease can cause symptoms of mild to severe pain. Over-the-counter pain medications may alleviate minor discomfort while prescription medications and other hospital treatments are required for severe pain. Fluids may be given intravenously or as a drink to hydrate the body and decrease severe pain symptoms. A medication called hydroxyurea may also be prescribed to prevent pain due to sickle cell anemia. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, individuals taking hydroxyurea require fewer blood transfusions, experience less severe pain symptoms and improved growth in children.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics such as penicillin may be prescribed to treat infections due to sickle cell disease. As blood flow is decreased in this disorder, the immune system is also low and the body is susceptible to infections that may cause serious conditions such as pneumonia and skin ulcers. Antibacterial skin washes may also be used for infections on the skin.
Blood Transfusions
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, blood transfusions are commonly used to decrease symptoms in individuals with sickle cell disease. Blood transfusions help to decrease symptoms of anemia, pain and infections and also help to prevent stroke and organ damage.
Anemia Supplements
Sickle cell disease can cause symptoms of anemia such as low levels of red blood cells, chronic fatigue, weakness, breathlessness, fainting and rapid heart rate. This is due to low levels of red blood cells. Supplements such as iron and folic acid are recommended for some patients with sickle cell anemia.
