Rabies is a viral infection transmitted through the saliva of certain animals. If a human is bitten by an animal infected with rabies, he will most likely contract rabies. According to the Mayo Clinic, cats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons and skunks are the most commonly identified sources of rabies. Immediate treatment after being bitten is vital; the occurrence of symptoms as a result of rabies is almost always an indication that the infection will turn fatal.
Wound Care
The first step to proper treatment for a rabies bite is to cleanse the wound site. Cleansing the wound site removes any traces of infected saliva or foreign bodies. It is also important because it reduces the likelihood of a patient developing a bacterial infection. A physician or medical professional will use water or a mixture of water and providone-iodine to wash the wound site before administering any type of vaccination. Patients who have been bitten by an infected animal should initially wash the wound with soap and warm water, and then seek medical attention immediately thereafter.
Vaccinations
It is vital to receive an injection of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) after being bitten by an infected animal. An injection of HRIG is administered near the bite area as soon as possible after it occurs. HRIG is designed to neutralize the virus before it begins to attack a person's system. An additional set of six injections over the course of 28 days is also recommended. These injections find and kill the virus in the body, preventing a more severe infection.
Obervation
The Mayo Clinic explains that once symptoms of a rabies bite manifest, it is typically an indicator that the rabies infection will turn fatal. Close, consistent observation is necessary for the treating physician to understand the full scope of the infection and treat symptoms as they occur. The University of Maryland Medical Center states that the incubation period, or the period of time between being bitten and getting sick, can range from 10 days to seven years. Common symptoms include drooling, convulsions, loss of muscle function, numbness and tingling. Should symptoms develop that appear to be related to the rabies bite, it is vitally important to notify a doctor, and seek immediate medical attention.
