Braces straighten the teeth to create a more attractive smile. Straighter teeth make oral hygiene easier, which can lead to healthier teeth and gums over time. While braces offer many benefits, patients should also be aware of the potential risks, which include short-term pain and discomfort, as well as long-term problems with teeth or gums.
Tooth Decay
The wires and brackets used to straighten teeth can make brushing and flossing a challenge for patients. This may result in plaque buildup and decalcification, which leaves a visible white buildup on teeth. If plaque is not removed, it can decay the teeth, leading to cavities that will eventually require filling. While people without braces can experience decalcification and tooth decay, those with braces are particularly at risk, according to orthodontist Dr. William Trepp.
Pain and Discomfort
Both wires and brackets can irritate the soft tissue of the mouth, including gums, the lips and/or the tongue. Prolonged irritation is not only painful, but can cause cuts or lesions in soft tissues. While dental wax can help, those with extreme discomfort will need to have their braces adjusted by an orthodontist to change the positioning of wires or brackets.
All patients will likely experience some discomfort or tenderness each time wires are tightened. This discomfort usually subsides within 48 hours.
Treatment Duration and Results
When an orthodontist puts braces on a patient, they provide an estimate of the duration and results of the treatment. Patients should be aware that this is only an estimate, and treatment may need to be extended for a variety of reasons. The finished results may not be exactly as promised, and patients will not always be 100 percent happy with the appearance of their teeth after the braces are removed.
As children grow, their mouths or facial structure may not grow according to the orthodontic treatment plan. This may require a change in treatment, or a completely new set of braces. New tooth eruptions can also affect treatment duration and results.
Damage to Roots and Gums
Braces cause a cellular response in the roots of the teeth that allows the teeth to move to a new position. In some patients, this response may be excessive, and can lead to a lack of bone and gum support over time. This effect, called root resorption, requires treatment from a periodontist. As teeth shift, the patient's gum line may change, which can also lead to insufficient tooth support in the future.
Allergies
Some patients may be allergic to some of the materials used in braces, especially nickel and latex. According to Archwired, if you experience excessive swelling or tenderness, or develop a rash or hives on your face, you may have an allergy to your braces. Alternate materials can be used for those with allergies to nickel or latex.
