A triathlon-specific bike is designed with more aerodynamic features than a road bike and is primarily used by triathletes, or participants in swim, bike and run race events (triathlons). Triathlon bikes reduce the wind resistance that riders endure during the bike portion of a triathlon. Also, a triathlon bike positions the rider into a more forward and down position on the bike. This positioning creates a better and lower profile for racing.
Features
During traditional road bike racing, competitors use other riders to draft, or follow. A triathlete typically rides solo during the bike leg. Because of this, every part of a triathlon bike is engineered with aerodynamics in mind. Wind-resistant components for a triathlon bike include a frame made of teardrop or oval-shaped tubes rather than round. This reduces overall wind block as the rider peddles forward. Wheels have fewer spokes; the front tire is smaller than the rear. Handlebars have an elbow rest, or aerobar, to promote a downward and forward riding position on the bike. Each of these contributes to a bike that is lighter, which also makes the bike faster.
Position on the Bike
Triathlon bikes are engineered for the rider to sit more forward, based on steeper frame angles and the upper body resting on the aerobars. Use of aerobars is effective because it does not require effort to support the upper torso and is more comfortable for longer periods of time. A forward position also requires more reliance on the hamstring muscles of the leg. This alleviates taxing the quadriceps, or upper top muscles of the thigh. Because the run portion of a triathlon always follows the bike and running relies primarily on the quadriceps, the competitor has the strength for the running leg of a triathlon.
Benefits
The positioning on a triathlon bike allows for more speed and turnover by utilizing the rider's power effectively. Triathlon bikes also facilitate the transition from cycling to running, based on the focus of sport-specific muscles during the individual disciplines of a triathlon race.
Fit
A proper fit on a triathlon bike will optimize efficiency and wind reduction. A proper fit will ensure a comfortable reach to your aerobars. It will also adjust frame height and length as well as set the correct height, position and tilt of the saddle, or seat. A certified triathlon bike fitter is recommended.
Considerations
Determining whether you should purchase a triathlon-specific bike versus a traditional road bike should be based on your desired use. If you plan to use the bike for multi-sport events, such as triathlons, and your goal is speed and comfort, a triathlon-specific bike is the bike for you.
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