Achilles tendon bursitis can be a painful condition that affects the ability to walk and run. While not as serious as a torn Achilles tendon, bursitis may still affect the quality of life and should be treated as soon as signs appear that it might be developing. When treated early, Achilles tendon bursitis typically resolves itself within about two weeks.
Definition
The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body. It attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel. Bursitis occurs when the fluid filled bursae that cushion the tendons and bone at the joint become irritated and inflamed. Achilles tendon bursitis affects the bursae in the area where the Achilles tendon meets the heel bone. It can occur between the bone and the tendon or between the tendon and the skin.
Symptoms
Pain or tenderness in the back of the heel is often the first sign of Achilles tendon bursitis. The afflicted individual may also start to limp or feel like the ankle area is too stiff or achy to move properly. If an infection is involved, the bursa will likely swell, become warm and develop redness, all of which may be visible externally.
Causes
Achilles tendon bursitis can be caused by hard hits to the heel, including those incurred while running on uneven ground or in poorly fitting shoes. An infection or medical problem such as gout may also be a cause. Repetitive motion, such as the kind done in certain sports, could be the underlying reason a person develops Achilles tendon bursitis.
Treatment
Home treatment for Achilles tendon bursitis involves resting the afflicted foot and putting ice on the area to ease the swelling. After a few days, heat compresses may be applied to help control stiffness. Shoes with heel pads or wedges may be used to keep pressure off that area when walking. Sufferers of Achilles tendon bursitis may also be prescribed antibiotics or have the area lanced to remove fluids if the area is infected. Other medications used may include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroid injections to ease swelling and pain. For severe cases of bursitis, physical therapy or surgery to remove the bursae may be required.
Prevention
Techniques for preventing Achilles tendon bursitis include wearing shoes that fit well and placing heel protectors inside the shoes. Stretching before exercise and stopping if there is any pain in the heel or ankle may also help prevent bursitis in the Achilles tendon.
