Alcohol and drug abuse occurs when a person uses mind-altering substances in a reckless or irresponsible manner. Many factors may play a role in substance abuse, such as genetic influences, childhood trauma and underlying mental disorders. Spreading information about alcohol and drug abuse is an important factor in preventing the condition.
Prevalence
Alcohol and drug abuse is a relatively common phenomenon. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 8 percent of people over age 12 reported using illicit drugs within the past month in 2007, while 50 percent of adults admitted being regular drinkers in 2008.
Causes
To date, no single cause has been identified for alcohol and drug abuse. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, a combination of factors like genetic susceptibility, traumatic past experiences and stress are thought to play a role for some people. The developmental stage when substance use first occurs can also influence future outcomes, with younger first-time users being more likely to fall into patterns of substance abuse and addiction.
Underlying mental health problems like depression, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders are also risk factors for substance abuse. Self-medicating, which occurs when a person uses a substance to cope with symptoms like low mood or anxiety, is a commonly cited reason for alcohol and drug use.
Signs of Abuse
Each person may exhibit different signs of alcohol and drug abuse. Changes in daily habits like eating or sleeping patterns are common, as are sudden changes in hobbies and interests. Mood swings and changes in personality or disposition often occur and may be accompanied by behavioral abnormalities, such as violence or aggression.
Many substance abusers neglect personal hygiene or take on a dramatically different style of dress. Productivity and performance in work, school and other areas may be compromised as the person shifts focus to drugs and alcohol. Stimulant abusers tend to exhibit hyperactive, paranoid behavior, while abusers of alcohol and other depressants may become lethargic and withdrawn.
Health Risks
Organ damage may result from overuse of a substance and can lead to chronic diseases like cirrhosis of the liver, emphysema and many others. Overdose occurs when a person takes an excessive amount of a substance, and it can easily lead to death if not promptly treated.
Drug and alcohol abuse is often a stepping stone to full-blown addiction, which is characterized by habitual use of a substance and physical withdrawals upon cessation. In the case of alcohol and other depressants, withdrawal itself may be dangerous and can result in seizures, convulsions and possible death. Other health risks include accidental self-injury and psychological problems like impaired cognition and low mood.
Prevention/Solution
Spreading awareness is the best method for preventing alcohol and drug abuse. Programs that involve schools, communities and families are an excellent way to educate young people about the dangers of substance abuse. Open communication about the immediate and long-term risks of substance abuse in combination with teaching of healthy coping strategies allows individuals to make informed decisions about their health and safety.
