With age, many systems in the body begin to change and not function as well as they once did. This includes the eyes. However, it is important to address any changes in vision since even a slight loss of sight can lead to an increased risk of a fall. Learning about the most common eye diseases in seniors and the treatment options available can help to prevent a loss of independence and complications.
Macular Degeneration
One of the most common causes of sight loss in seniors is macular degeneration, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). The macular is a tissue located on the back of the eyeball that is involved in central vision and in making vision clear. While the exact cause of this eye disease is not known, it appears to run in families and tends to occur in those over the age of 50. It does not usually result in blindness, but it can make vision cloudy, blurry or create blind spots. Vision changes tend to occur slowly which may delay treatment. Blood vessel damage due to smoking, high blood pressure and diabetes can contribute to this condition. Even slight changes in clearness of vision should be evaluated to catch problems early.
Glaucoma
The Glaucoma Research Foundation claims that people over age 60 are six times more likely to develop glaucoma then younger individuals. A family history, an injury to the eye, diabetes and high blood pressure can all increase the risk of developing this eye disease. Glaucoma is diagnosed when there is damage to the optic nerve. This nerve helps to transmit signals from the eye to the brain so they can be interpreted. Glaucoma can cause a gradual loss of peripheral vision, eye pain, nausea and vomiting. Regular eye exams are an important component of treatment since early detection can help to prevent eye loss from becoming severe.
Cataracts
According to the National Eye Institute, cataracts are a common eye problem that occurs with age. Being diagnosed with a cataract means that the lens part of the eye has clouded over. The lens is responsible for controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. When the lens becomes clouded, images are no longer clear. The lens is made up of water and protein. With age, the protein can clump and cause a cataract. This can be the result of normal wear and tear or from diabetes, smoking, other eye diseases or an injury to the eye. Choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors and limiting the eyes exposure to sunlight can help to lower the risk of developing a cataract.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Over time, uncontrolled high levels of blood sugar can damage the blood vessels that supply the eyes. This condition is called diabetic neuropathy, according to the Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Since there are often no symptoms in the early stages, it is essential for seniors with diabetes to get yearly eye exams. If symptoms do occur, they include blurry vision or seeing spots or floaters. Keeping blood sugar levels under control is the best prevention and treatment option.
