Coumadin, also known as warfarin sodium, is a prescription anti-coagulant medication that aids in preventing blood clots, strokes and myocardial infarctions--heart attacks--in people who are at increased risk. Coumadin works as a blood thinner by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, which is an important factor in the blood-clotting process. While this medication does not dissolve clots that already are formed, it does help stabilize these clots so that they do not worsen. Coumadin needs to be discussed with your doctor, because its adverse effects can be dangerous.
Common Effects
Coumadin may cause some common yet mild adverse effects in individuals starting this medication. Such bothersome effects, as noted by the Mayo Clinic, are upset stomach, bloating, excess gas and stomach pain with cramping. Nausea and vomiting or diarrhea also may be experienced. Initially, you may notice feeling cold, lethargic and weak, fatigued, as well as lightheaded with headaches. Bleeding and skin changes may present. Additionally, hair loss, taste changes and a drop in appetite may occur.
Excessive Bleeding Effects
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, the most frequent complication of using this anti-coagulant is bleeding (internal and external), which occurs in 6 to 39 percent of patients annually who are prescribed Coumadin. As a result, patients need close medical supervision and monitoring. This complication can manifest in various ways such as blood in urine or stools, coughing up blood, bleeding gums and nosebleed. Women may experience excessive menstrual bleeding. The bottom line is that what previously may have been considered a minor scratch or cut has the potential under Coumadin therapy to lead to persistent and dangerous hemorrhaging.
Skin and Tissue Effects
According to J.M. Beitz, Ph.D., 0.01 to 0.1 percent of patients on Coumadin may develop Coumadin-induced necrosis, or skin and tissue death, associated with taking this medication. This tends to manifest within a short period of time after beginning the drug and results in weeping black dead skin and necrotic tissue that likely will require surgery. Another related adverse effect, purple toe syndrome, is when the toes become discolored with a purple-like appearance due to dislodged cholesterol from vessel walls. The discoloration results from decreased blood flow due to the cholesterol clump, which may be temporary. It is imperative to let the physician know if such side effects develop so that immediate action can be taken.
Overdose
As an anti-coagulant, Coumadin is a medication that can produce serious side effects, especially the boxed warning of major and even fatal bleeding. Therefore, the prescription instructions should always be followed without deviation unless cleared by the physician first. Taking more than instructed could produce hemorrhagic effects. If an overdose occurs, immediately go to an emergency room for treatment.
