The human body has an astounding capacity to repair and heal itself. However, neither the body nor modern medicine can repair certain conditions and damage to the body. These diseases are incurable. Some incurable lung diseases, such as asthma, are manageable and usually do not affect longevity. However, certain genetic and acquired lung conditions are progressive and are likely to shorten lifespan.
Asthma
Asthma, also known as reactive airway disease, is a condition wherein the airways constrict intermittently, causing shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing. The triggers for an asthma attack vary from person to person. Although asthma is incurable, it can usually be controlled by avoiding triggers and taking medications that decrease inflammation and abnormal airway reactivity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 22 million Americans have asthma.
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes increased thickness of mucus secretions. The thickened secretions lead to serial infections of the lungs, with progressive scarring and decreased lung function. Cystic fibrosis treatment may include medications to prevent lung infections and decrease inflammation, chest physical therapy to help clear mucus and exercise to preserve lung function. An estimated 30,000 people in the United States have cystic fibrosis, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a condition wherein scar tissue forms in the lungs, decreasing capacity for effective gas exchange. Pulmonary fibrosis cannot be reversed. Slowing disease progression and decreasing symptoms are the goals of treatment. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute reports that life expectancy with pulmonary fibrosis may be three to five years after diagnosis.
Emphysema
Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. With this condition, chronic irritation of the lung air sacs causes progressive damage to these structures. The damaged air sacs coalesce, forming large spaces incapable of gas exchange. This limits the functional capacity of the lungs. Treatment is targeted to slowing disease progression, enhancing lung function and providing respiratory support such as supplemental oxygen, if needed. The Mayo Clinic reports that smoking is responsible for the overwhelming majority of emphysema.
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is another form of COPD; most cases are caused by smoking. Chronic irritation of the airways causes markedly increased mucus production. The mucus is not cleared effectively, leading to a buildup of excess mucus and chronic inflammation. The mucus and inflammation cause airway narrowing. Frequent infections are common, causing further damage to the lungs. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.
