Kava has been used historically in the Pacific Islands as a ceremonial beverage because it was believed to have an effect comparable to alcohol, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). While kava may be best known for its purported calming effects, it has also been used to battle fatigue, asthma and urinary tract infections, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
History
Kava, or Piper methysticum, is a tall shrub that produces thick, heart-shaped leaves. Kava roots resemble bundles of woody, hairy branches. The root of the kava plant is used for medicinal purposes. Historically, the roots were chewed or ground into a pulp. Kava has also been used topically as a numbing agent.
Depression and Anxiety
Kava may be effective in treating symptoms associated with anxiety and depression, according to the UMMC. An Australian study of 60 adults published in the August 2009 journal of "Psychopharmacology" found kava to be more effective than a placebo
Cognitive Performance and Mood
One study published online in May 2004 found that 300 mg of kava may improve mood while enhancing cognitive performance. The findings of the study were published in the journal "Human Psychopharmacology."
The UMMC reported that the findings of the study are of particular significance because some prescription drugs commonly used to treat anxiety, such as benzodiazepines, including Xanax and valium, tend to compromise cognitive function.
Insomnia
A study involving 24 participants by researchers in the United Kingdom suggests that kava and valerian may be beneficial to health by reducing the body's reactions during stressful situations and stress-induced insomnia.
Valerian is an herb that has been used to relieve anxiety and insomnia. The findings of the study were published in the June 2001 issue of the journal "Human Psychopharmacology."
Dosage
Doctors recommend starting with a low dose of kava and gradually increasing intake over time, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Standardized doses, as reported by the UMMC, range from 150 to 300 mg up to three times per day to relieve anxiety or nervous tension.
Warnings
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer advisory in March of 2002 noting the rare but potential risk of liver failure linked to the use of kava. Although kava remains available in the United States, it has been taken off store shelves in many countries.
Numerous cases of liver damage connected to the use of kava have been reported in Europe, according to NIH reports.
Side Effects/Precautions
Kava may interact with several drugs, including medications prescribed for Parkinson's disease. When used for an extended period or taken in high doses, the UMMC reported that kava may cause skin to become scaly and yellowish in color.
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