Pulmonary hypertension occurs when the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries that supply the lungs increases to abnormal levels. In its early stages, pulmonary hypertension typically causes no symptoms; however, as it progresses, it puts increasing strain on the heart, affecting breathing, heart rate and the ability to carry on with normal daily activities.
Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath is typically the first symptom of pulmonary hypertension to appear, according to the Cleveland Clinic. In the early stages of the disease, individuals may notice being abnormally short of breath while performing activities, such as climbing flights of stairs, walking up a steep hill or exercising. As pulmonary hypertension worsens, it can become hard to breathe even while at rest, according to the Mayo Clinic.
A feeling of pain or pressure, usually in the front of the chest, may also accompany breathing problems, according to the National Institutes of Health. Shallow and labored breathing can also lead affected individuals to feel unusually fatigued and weak, making it increasingly difficult to complete normal activities. Accordingly, those with chronic or advanced cases of pulmonary hypertension will likely need in-home care to assist with their daily living tasks.
Swelling
Pulmonary hypertension puts undue stress on the right side of the heart to circulate blood to the lungs, according to the National Institutes of Health. Because the heart has to pump abnormally hard, it enlarges and eventually may fail. As pulmonary hypertension and heart function worsen, edema or swelling often occurs in the lower extremities, particularly in the legs, ankles and feet. In severe cases, fluid can also collect in the abdominal region, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Irregular Heartbeat
Pulmonary hypertension can lead to the development of heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Some people may report a sensation that their heart is throbbing or their pulse is racing. As pulmonary hypertension progresses, these symptoms may be more likely to occur with even the slightest effort or initiation of activity. The National Institutes of Health notes that abnormal heart sounds or a heart murmur are often detectable upon physical examination.
Increasing strain on the heart can also interfere with blood flow to the head and extremities, causing symptoms that may include dizziness, faintness, loss of consciousness and cyanosis--a bluish discoloration to the skin and lips.
