According to Medline Plus, blood pressure measures the force applied to the arteries as the heart pumps blood throughout the body. Blood pressure readings are important as high blood pressure (hypertension) can increase the risk of diseases of the heart, including heart attack and stroke. Low blood pressure (hypotension) can lead to heart failure, infections and gland disorders. Blood pressure is identified as systolic over diastolic, for example, 120 over 80. According Medline Plus, if diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) is below 60, then, it is termed low blood pressure. Low diastolic pressure measures the pressure of the heart between resting of the beats.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy can lead to hypotension as the circulatory system expands. According to the Mayo Clinic, in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy, diastolic pressures can drop from 10 to 15 points. This is often only temporary with a return to the levels before pregnancy after birth.
Medication
Medication taken for other conditions can cause a diastolic blood pressure to be low. Medications for heart conditions such as diuretics, alpha-blockers and beta-blockers can have this effect. Additionally, the American Heart Association has identified medications used to treat for Parkinson's disease, antidepressants, and drugs used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, as possibly causing low diastolic pressures when used in combination with nitroglycerine. Certain over-the-counter medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen, taken with medications to manage high blood pressure could possibly cause low blood pressure.
Dehydration
Dehydration, which occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in, can lead to low blood pressure. Dehydration can result from the use of medications taken for high blood pressure. According to the Mayo Clinic, hypovolemic shock is a severe complication from dehydration in which low blood volume leads to a quick drop in blood pressure. This is very serious and can lead to death if not treated promptly.
Septic Shock
Septic shock is a severe infection that occurs from bacteria going from the site of infection to the bloodstream. According to the American Heart Association, septic shock produces toxins that have an effect on the blood vessels. Septic shock can produce a potentially fatal decrease in blood pressure.
Allergic Reactions
Anaphylaxis, or allergic reaction, can occur from reactions to medications such as penicillin, or certain foods, including peanuts. Symptoms of the shock can include problems breathing, itching, hives, and a dramatic drop in blood pressure, according to the American Heart Association.
Nutrient Deficiencies
A deficiency in essential vitamins such as B-12 and folic acid can result in low diastolic blood pressure. According to the American Heart Association, the deficiency can lead to anemia, resulting in low blood pressure.
