Radiation is naturally present in our environment. It's present in our drinking water and in some of our foods, although at very low levels, according to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Most of us are also exposed to radiation at the doctor's and dentist's office and at the hospital, in the form of X-rays and MRIs and other diagnostic tests, as well as for the treatment of cancer. These treatments and procedures are often necessary but should be limited in frequency to avoid the side effects of radiation exposure.
Cancer
Although it takes a high dose of radiation or long-term exposure to cause cancer, the Environmental Protection Agency says that cancer is actually the most common side effect of radiation exposure. The reason is that radiation exposure damages normal, healthy cells and causes the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Radiation-induced cancer can be treated, but death is a possibility.
Radiation Sickness
The EPA says that acute exposure to radiation can cause a rapid onset of radiation sickness. Radiation sickness, also called radiation poisoning, involves symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, low organ function and skin burns. These symptoms can be moderate or severe enough to lead to death within two months, according to the EPA. Those undergoing radiation therapy for cancer sometimes experience radiation sickness in the form of burns.
DNA Mutations
DNA is the blueprint for human beings. It allows for correct cell repair and replacement. When DNA changes, a mutation can occur. When high doses of radiation are given to a pregnant woman, DNA mutations can cause deformities or even the death of her fetus, according to the Nuclear Regulator Commission. DNA mutations can occur in adults, as well, leading to a higher risk of diseases such as cancer.
Hair Loss
Another common side effect of radiation exposure is the loss of hair. Hair loss can be partial or complete. The EPA says that high doses of radiation usually cause hair loss within two to three weeks of exposure. Depending on the severity of the exposure, the hair may or may not grow back.
