Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, that causes inflammation of the digestive tract lining. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications. Medical and lifestyle treatments provide useful means of managing the illness, and many people experience long-term remission as a result. To prevent potential risks and complications associated with Crohn's disease, a doctor's guidance and supervision is recommended.
Intestinal Blockage
Crohn's disease can lead to blockage in the intestine, caused by thickening and swelling of the intestinal wall. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), intestinal blockage is the most common complication of the disorder. Intestinal blockage can cause severe pain and disrupted nutrient absorption. Surgery to remove part of the intestinal tract may be required to reverse intestinal blockage.
Anal Fissures, Ulcers and Fistulas
People with Crohn's disease may develop anal fissures, or cracks in the anus or skin around the anus. Anal fissures may lead to infection, and commonly result in painful bowel movements. People with Crohn's disease may also develop ulcers, or sores in the tissues throughout the digestive tract. According to the NDDIC, ulcers may create tunnels known as fistulas, a common complication of ulcers associated with Crohn's disease. Fistulas frequently become infected and may require medications or, in severe cases, surgery.
Malnutrition
Since Crohn's disease often leads to poor nutrient absorption and nutrient loss through severe diarrhea, malnutrition is a major risk. According to the NDDIC, malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies may also result from insufficient caloric intake, since people with Crohn's disease may experience reduced appetite or eat less due to physical pain or other symptoms. Intestinal loss of protein, which is vital in lean tissue development and tissue repair, is another risk of Crohn's disease. Malnutrition increases risk for viruses, infections and disease, and often causes lethargy and mood disturbances.
Additional Digestive Problems
People with Crohn's disease may develop additional digestive problems as a by-product of the disease. According to the NDDIC, people with Crohn's disease are at heightened risk for kidney stones, or solid masses made from crystals in the urinary tract, and gallstones, or pebble-like masses that develop in the gall bladder. Both conditions are painful and may require medical treatment or surgery.
