An estimated 5.7 million adult Americans suffer from bipolar disorder each year, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. This mental disorder has an average onset of 25 years of age, and causes extreme mood swings, along with changes in energy and activity levels that interfere with daily activities. A variety of treatment options are available, although it may take time to find the most effective combination.
Medication
Medications to treat bipolar are usually prescribed to patients by their psychiatrist; however, in certain states clinical psychologists and psychiatric nurse practitioners may also prescribe them, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
The most common drugs for bipolar patients include mood stabilizers such as lithium, and atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone and anticonvulsants, also known as seizure medications. Each medication serves a different purpose--some may be more effective for manic episodes, while others may work better for depressive episodes. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe a combination of medications for maximum efficacy.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy often accompanies medication in bipolar treatment, as it provides education, support and guidance to bipolar patients and their families. A number of different therapies exist, and a combination of therapies may be necessary depending on a patient's needs.
Cognitive behavioral therapy helps change negative or harmful thinking and behaviors, while family therapy educates family members of bipolar patients, helping them recognize the signs of upcoming bipolar episodes. It also helps improve communication skills between the family and the bipolar patient. Interpersonal therapy helps improve bipolar patients' relationships with others, which ultimately helps them manage their daily routines.
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Bipolar patients with severe symptoms, and those who have no success with medication and/or psychotherapy, may find treatment success with electroconvulsive therapy. Previously known as shock therapy, the treatment has improved, as has its reputation.
During treatment, electrical currents pass through the patient's brain. While doctors do not fully understand how this therapy works, according to the Mayo Clinic, it is believed that the electrical currents change the brain's chemistry, resulting in mood improvement. The process lasts for a period of 30 to 90 seconds.
Lifestyle Changes
Changes in lifestyle--such as joining a bipolar support group, getting enough rest and using relaxation techniques--when used in combination with medical treatment, can make a tremendous difference in a patient's treatment success. These treatments are known as complimentary therapies, or self-help treatments. As the Mayo Clinic points out, patients may need to make lifestyle changes to prevent bipolar symptoms from worsening, and to get the proper support in their lives.
