The brain is an amazing organ that weighs about 3 lbs. and is encased in a protective layer of bone called the skull. The brain is the central feature of the human body, and adds dimensions such as personality and emotions to life as well as managing the complex physiological processes that go on in the body. Major discoveries about the brain and nervous system have been made, especially since the 1990s; however, this fascinating organ is so complex that much more research is needed to uncover its mysteries.
Functions
Currently, your brain is hard at work providing you with the ability to see these words and grasp the concepts you are reading about. Different sensations and emotions are being processed, and your memory is hard at work storing new information and accessing old information. Your brain is also managing your breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure, and is coordinating your digestive system as it processes the last meal you ate; it may also be acting on information that you are a bit dehydrated and need to drink by creating a thirst sensation.
Protection
The brain is protected not only by the skull, but also by layers of special membranes called meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid is a carefully filtered fluid that keeps the brain suspended and helps protect it by providing a watery cushion for it to rest in. The cerebrospinal fluid constantly bathes the brain, nourishing it and removing waste products.
Neurons
The majority of the brain is made up of unique cells called neurons, or nerve cells. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, these cells are responsible for all memories, thoughts and sensations, as well as for relaying information to and from the brain.
The brain holds billions of neurons, which connect to each other at junctions called synapses, where they communicate with each other through a system of electrical and chemical messages. The Nemours Foundation states that learning and memory happen when new connections are made between neurons.
Sections of the Brain
The brain has three major parts. The forebrain is the largest part and contains the wrinkled cerebrum. The cerebrum controls personality, memory, speech, feelings and thought, and also receives information from your five senses: taste, touch, smell, sight and sound.
The forebrain contains other structures which control hormones, pulse, thirst, appetite, digestion and other physiological activities that happen automatically.
The midbrain is nestled underneath the forebrain, and coordinates all the messages going between the brain and spinal cord. The hindbrain helps control balance and movement, and other basic functions vital to life such as breathing and blood pressure.
Disorders
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, one in five Americans suffer from some type of neurological disorder. These disorders include problems such as dementia, stroke and trauma. These conditions can be overwhelming; the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke is involved in researching more than 600 of these disorders to find cures and treatments.
