Chilblains is a condition that occurs in the skin as a response to sudden warming of the area after exposure to cold temperatures. This reaction, also referred to as pernio, is not a common condition, but it can occur with repeated exposure to cold, according to the Merck Manual of Medical Information. Common areas of the body to experience chilblains include the fingers, ears, toes and nose. Dressing appropriately for cold weather and covering exposed areas of skin helps prevent chilblains.
Red Lesions
After exposure to cold, the skin develops small red areas that may itch. The red lesions may also appear as a bluish-red color, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Once the lesions turn blue, pain may ensue. The discoloration in the skin occurs due to a narrowing of the blood vessels---called vasoconstriction---in the exposed skin. Creams and lotions help decrease the itching and swelling associated with chilblains. Nifedipine helps to dilate the constricted blood vessels.
Burning Sensation
In addition to itching and pain, individuals may feel a burning sensation. This sensation may begin or increase in intensity after rewarming the skin too quickly following exposure to cold temperatures. Individuals experiencing severe pain from chilblains need to visit a physician for appropriate medical treatment, advises the Mayo Clinic.
Blistering and Ulceration
Blisters may form over the affected areas of skin. Blister formation is most common with chilblains on the leg and fingers, according to the Merck Manuals. The blisters can rupture and cause ulcers to form on the skin. The ulcerated areas require treatment such as cleaning and dressing the wounds. Without proper treatment, the ulcers will develop an infection, which will increase pain in the affected area. An infected wound requires the use of antibiotics to treat the condition. Untreated infections may lead to life-threatening infections in the body, warns the Mayo Clinic.
