Breast cancer develops when normal cells within the lobules, ducts or nipple of the breast begin to proliferate uncontrollably. In the beginning stages of cancer, the breast cells develop genetic mutations that promote tumor development. As cancer progresses, the cancer cells invade neighboring tissues in a process called metastasis. Breast cancer cells commonly spread to the lymph nodes, a series of structures that make up part of the immune system. Breast cancer spread to the lymph nodes can exhibit a number of symptoms.
Swollen Lymph Nodes in Armpit
A common symptom initially experienced by patients with breast cancer that has invaded the lymph nodes is lymph node swelling, according to Medline Plus. Under normal conditions, the lymph nodes cannot be felt underneath the skin. When cancer cells invade the lymph nodes, they proliferate uncontrollably within the nodes, leading to an increase in lymph node size. Patients with invasive breast cancer may notice a swelling in the armpit on the same side as the affected breast, corresponding to swollen lymph nodes. As breast cancer progresses, cancer growth within the lymph nodes leads to node fusion and matting, which also causes a noticeable lump. Breast cancer patients experiencing lymph node swelling must seek immediate medical attention to address the possibility of cancer metastasis.
Lymphedema
Patients with invasive breast cancer may also develop a symptom called lymphedema if their breast cancer spreads to the lymph nodes. Under normal conditions, the lymph nodes allow for circulation of lymphatic fluid. The Mayo Clinic reports that in invasive breast cancer, swelling of the lymph nodes can lead to blockages in the lymphatic system and prevent the circulation and drainage of lymph fluid, called lymphedema. Patients with lymphedema experience swelling of the arm and the hand on the affected side of the body, whch often results in pain and difficulty moving the affected limb. Breast cancer patients who have undergone mastectomy to treat cancer may also suffer from lymphedema, since the removal of lymph nodes during surgery disrupts lymph fluid drainage.
Chest Tenderness and Pain
As the breast cancer progresses, the cancer cells that invaded lymph nodes in the armpit can travel to other lymph nodes throughout the body via the lymphatic system. CancerHelp UK reports that breast cancer in the lymph nodes can commonly spread to lymph nodes underneath the breastbone and around the clavicles. When lymph nodes within the chest cavity enlarge, they put pressure on surrounding healthy tissue, which may lead to chest pain. Breast cancer patients experiencing chest pain should seek immediate medical attention to test the extent of cancer metastasis.
