Varicella, also known as the chicken pox, is a highly contagious disease. Most cases are mild; however, the Mayo Clinic reports that 11,000 people are hospitalized a year for chicken pox, which causes 100 deaths per year. The most common signs are a red itchy rash and red bumps that fill up with fluid and crust over. Other symptoms include fever, abdominal pain and tiredness. Children and adults who are not immune are susceptible, so it is important to know how you can prevent chicken pox in these populations.
Vaccine
A chickenpox vaccine is available. The Mayo Clinic reports that children should get the first between 12 and 15 months of age and the second between 4 and 6 years old. Children 7 to 12 years old who haven't been vaccinated should receive two catch-up doses of the varicella vaccine, given at least three months apart. Children age 13 or older who haven't been vaccinated should also receive two catch-up doses of the vaccine, given at least four weeks apart. Unvaccinated adults who are at risk should receive the vaccine four to eight weeks apart. These include health care workers, childcare providers and travelers. Those who are pregnant, immunocompromised, or allergic to gelatin or neomycin should not get this vaccine.
Prevention Measures During Illness
Varicella can be spread through respiratory droplets or from contact with the rash. The person is infectious 48 hours prior to the rash appearing until their rash is completely crusted over. It is important that someone who is actively ill with chicken pox not be in close contact with others who have not had it. Open draining rashes should be covered with a dressing. Proper cough and sneezing etiquette should be used. Hand washing after coming into contact with someone with chicken pox is also advisable. Contaminated items should not be used and other items should be disinfected in boiling water.
Prevention Measures when Someone Has Shingles
One in 10 adults who have previously had chicken pox develop shingles, according to the National Institutes of Health publication Medline Plus. A shingles breakout occurs when the virus reactivates in the nerves. Risk factors include being older than 60, having had the chicken pox prior to age 1 and being immunocompromised. Touching the rash or blisters of the person with shingles should be avoided to prevent transmission. The chicken pox vaccine is available for adults over 60 who are susceptible to chicken pox or shingles. Contaminated items should not be used while contaminated items should be disinfected in boiling water. Pregnant women should not be in contact with someone who has shingles or the chicken pox.
