Drastic weight loss is often an indication that something's wrong with the body. In most cases, drastic weight loss indicates a health problem, according to MedLine Plus, a website of the National Institutes of Health. MedLine recommends contacting a doctor if you unintentionally lose more than 5 percent of your body weight in less than 12 months or if you're experiencing other symptoms along with the weight loss.
Health Issues
Cancer and AIDS are two illnesses that lead to drastic weight loss, so if you have reason to suspect you might be ill, check with your doctor immediately so you can begin treatment. Chronic diarrhea can also lead to weight loss, no matter what brought the diarrhea on in the first place.
The Symptom Checker at the AARP Organization website cites hyperthyroidism, infections and malnutrition as other causes of drastic weight loss. Certain medications such as chemotherapy drugs, thyroid treatment and amphetamines can also lead to rapid and significant weight loss.
Emotional and Mental Issues
Eating disorders can lead to drastic weight loss. This is especially true of anorexia nervosa, which is more common in women, especially those involved in activities in which appearance is crucial such as modeling, acting, gymnastics or sports, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Because the person suffering from anorexia is choosing to lose drastic weight, treatment should address not only the physical issues through nutrition counseling and needed medication, but it should also consider the psychological components. These can be addressed through psychotherapy and group or family therapy when appropriate. Depression can also cause loss of appetite and weight loss.
Drug Abuse
Drug abuse can lead to sudden and drastic weight loss or weight gain, depending on the type of drug being consumed and the quantities. Amphetamines and cocaine, for example, cause restlessness, poor appetite, periods of high energy, hyperactivity and insomnia, according to Aspen Education. All these symptoms will cause an increase on the amount of calories burned. Because drug users often lose their appetite or simply "forget to eat," they suddenly start to lose weight.
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