Death or necrosis of tissue characterizes gangrene. Tissue that is robbed of oxygen turns black and dies. The most common area for development of gangrene is the toes, especially in diabetics. Frostbite, injuries, or any obstruction of the blood supply puts a person at risk for gangrene. There is no cure for gangrene, only prevention of its spreading to other, healthy tissue. Complications from gangrene differ, depending on which type of gangrene has affected the body.
Scarring
Scarring results from gangrene when the infected tissue must be removed. Toes and fingers may succumb to "wet gangrene," caused by a bacterial infection, frostbite or burn, according to MayoClinic.com. Amputation may become necessary in order to save the surrounding tissue. Scarring could result from the surgery.
Organ Involvement
Complications to organ functioning arise from internal gangrene. Commonly affecting the intestines, gallbladder or appendix, internal gangrene arises if the blood supply to one of these organs is cut off. Attempts to reestablish blood supply may save the organ, but if it goes too long without an adequate blood supply, the organ can die.
As a result of Fournier's gangrene, which typically affects men more than women, dysfunction of sexual organs may occur. Fournier's gangrene initially affects the genitals and may spread to the thighs and abdomen, according to Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. The most severe complications from this type of gangrene, which is actually an aggressive form of cellulitis, include tissue debridement---skin removal---and death. Depending on how deeply the debridement goes, loss of sensation or inability to achieve an erection may result.
Disability
Depending on the body part affected by gangrene, especially if amputation is involved, disability may result.
Death
Untreated gangrene can lead to death, according to the National Institutes of Health. As the infection spreads throughout the tissue, it releases toxins in the bloodstream. The body becomes septic or poisoned. Early treatment with antibiotics and removal of the infected tissue are key to preventing death from gangrene.
Psychological Distress
As a result of scarring, amputation or other altered body functions, a person may develop psychological issues from an altered body image. Counseling may become necessary, as well as physical and occupational therapy. The patient may not be the only one affected by gangrene, especially if disability results. Family members may also need counseling services.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Gangrene Complications
- MayoClinic.com: Gangrene Causes
- National Institutes of Health: Gangrene
- Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 20th Edition: Donald Venes, M.D., M.S.J.; 2009
