Severe depression, or major depression, causes feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Feelings of worthlessness and inappropriate guilt may also occur, according to Medline Plus. These feelings can lead to inactivity or withdrawal from social functions. People suffering from severe depression may lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, including sex. Fatigue, lack of energy, trouble sleeping or thoughts of death or suicide may occur. Depression is treatable.
Expert Insight
Depression can be treated through therapy and medication, the Mayo Clinic explains. A primary care doctor may prescribe some medications or refer patients to mental health experts. A psychiatrist is qualified to diagnose and treat mental health conditions as well as prescribe medication. Psychologists or other mental health counselors can provide talk therapy that helps patients by discussing the problems they are having.
Identification
Talking to a doctor or counselor helps people with severe depression understand what treatments or medications would work best for them, according to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. It can be helpful for the patient to also work with a family member or support groups to learn what treatments may build on a person's strengths, plan the care based on particular needs and set goals for recovery. Treatment depends on each individual. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary in the beginning for people who may be in danger of harming themselves.
Function
Therapy may include cognitive behavioral therapy to help people avoid negative thoughts, Medline Plus explains. People can learn ways to change their thinking patterns to be more positive and help with problem-solving skills. Psychotherapy helps people with severe depression understand the reasons for their behaviors and feelings. Working with the family or a support group may be included in the therapy, depending on the person, the degree of depression and the therapist or doctor.
Effects
Antidepressants are the main drugs used for treating severe depression. Medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most commonly used antidepressants, according to Medline Plus. Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants are also used. Patients who suffer from delusions or hallucinations from their depression may be prescribed antipsychotic medications. Many patients with severe depression may need to take medication for a few weeks. Others need to be on medication for a few months.
Considerations
Self-care is equally important for a person suffering from severe depression. A patient needs to stick close to a treatment plan arranged by a doctor and to pay attention to any possible warning signs that can trigger symptoms of severe depression, according to the Mayo Clinic. Patients are usually advised to get plenty of physical activity to reduce depression symptoms and improve moods. Alcohol and illicit drugs need to be avoided because they can make symptoms worse.
