Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) generally begins in childhood. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association estimates that the disorder affects about 3 to 7 percent of school age children. The National Institute of Mental Health warns that the disorder may be mistaken for other problems, particularly in cases where the child primarily has problems with inattention.
Inattention
Children with ADHD may have difficulties paying attention for sustained periods of time, when it comes to school work, or at play. The Mayo Clinic indicates that the problems with attention may cause the child to make careless mistakes with homework or other tasks. Issues with inattention are not due to the child just not wanting to perform the task, but problems holding concentration. Remaining organized may pose a particular challenge for the child with ADHD. School projects might be in a state of disarray, or her room, a disaster. Often, the child realizes she has problems with inattention and may experience frustration over it. Following instructions and listening may pose a significant challenge for the child. Adults may have to repeat instructions numerous times before the child complies. The child can become easily distracted by anything that may occur around him, or he may become lost in a daydream from feeling bored. Problems with inattention can cause the child to be forgetful, leaving homework at school, or necessary school supplies at home. Further, due to forgetfulness, objects, such as pencils, toys or books can frequently become lost.
Hyperactivity
The child with ADHD may appear as if driven by a motor, constantly moving about, fidgeting in chairs, or breaking out into a run at the sight of a long hallway. Remaining in a seat for school or dinner time can pose a significant challenge. Furniture might second as a jungle gym, with the child climbing over all sorts of objects. In a store, the child may run around and touch everything he can get near. During play, the child may be pervasively noisy, even after being reminded to quiet down repeatedly. Sometimes, it may feel as if the child talks from the time she gets up to bedtime. Keeping quiet in church, restaurants, during story time or the movies can seem impossible for the child for the child with ADHD.
Impulsivity
The child's behavior may consist of constant impulsive actions. The Mayo Clinic indicates that the child may blurt out inappropriate comments, show emotions without restraint, and act without regard for consequences. The child may show difficulties waiting in lines, or for his turn at a game. He may butt into the play of other children, prior to an invitation to join. Conversations between adults, particularly when they are on the phone may be frequently interrupted by the child. In school, the child may shout out answer to questions before the teacher can finish asking them. Overall, the child with ADHD might demonstrate a chronic impatience.
References
- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision"; American Psychiatric Association; 2000
- Mayo Clinic: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
- National Institute of Mental Health: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
