Although ear aches in adults are not as common as in children, they can be troublesome when they occur. Several conditions can cause ear aches. Generally, the discomfort is caused by fluid accumulation in the middle part of the ear behind the ear drum. As the fluid accumulates, it pushes on the ear drum, which causes sensations of pressure and pain. Usually the condition is caused either by an ear infection or blockage of the natural drainage of fluid from the ear.
Antibiotics
Many instances of ear aches are caused by either a middle ear or ear canal infection. The gram-positive bacteria that commonly cause ear infections include streptococcus.The antibiotic Amoxicillin is often used for these infections because of its action against gram-positive strains and its low risk of side effects. It is taken orally and is available in both pill and liquid form.
Antibiotic Drops
Antibiotic ear drops such as Floxin can help treat ear canal infections, also known as "swimmer's ear." These infections are a common cause of ear aches. The drops can be used in combination with oral antibiotic medications for more severe infections. Often, the antibiotic and a steroid medication are combined in the drops. The combination helps fight infection while decreasing the inflammation in the ear. An example of such a drug is Ciprodex, which is a combination of ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone.
Decongestants
Because many cases of ear aches in adults are caused by nasal and sinus tissue swelling that obstructs eustachian tube drainage, decongestant medications can provide effective relief. The medications can be either topical, such as nasal spray, or oral. They relieve pressure by constricting the blood vessels to the nasal and sinus tissues, shrinking the tissue and decreasing swelling. Once the swelling comes down, the eustachian tubes open and pressure gets released from the ear. The decongestants are also an effective method for treating ear aches during air travel. When the atmospheric pressure increases during landing, many people develop ear aches. Taking a decongestant before landing can help relieve some of the pressure aches.
References
- Canadian Medical Association Journal; Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Otitis Media: Time to Think Again; Ronald Damoiseaux; March 2005
- British Medical Journal; "Clinical Efficacy of Three Common Treatments in Acute Otitis Externa in Primary Care: Randomised Controlled Trial"; Frank van Balen; November 2003
- Harvard Women's Health Watch; "High-flying Health Tips. Safeguard Your Health in the Air With Advance Knowledge and Preparation"; May 2004
