Depression is a serious mental health condition that can disrupt day-to-day functioning and, according to the World Health Organization, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Depression symptoms can range from mild to severe. Various treatments are available.
Scope
The World Health Organization estimates that depression affects 121 million people worldwide. People of any age can suffer depression, but it is usually first experienced between the ages of 15 and 30.
Symptoms
Depression goes beyond simply feeling unhappy. Individuals who are depressed may feel hopeless and lose interest in normal activities. Insomnia or excessive sleeping are also signs of depression. People with depression can have changes in mood that manifest as crying episodes, anger and irritability. Back pain and headaches or other physical pain also can occur.
Causes
Many factors are believed to be involved in the development of depression, though the precise causes are unknown. In depressed individuals, chemicals called neurotransmitters are unbalanced in the brain. Unbalanced hormones can also contribute to depression, as can loneliness, stress, relationship problems, financial problems and chronic health problems. Alcohol and drug addiction also can be factors.
Treatment
Depression is treated with medications and psychotherapy. In severe cases, electroconvulsive therapy is performed. Regular exercise, plenty of sleep and a healthy diet can decrease depression symptoms. Alternative approaches to treating depression include yoga, herbal supplements, acupuncture and meditation.
Suicide Risk
Individuals with depression are at increased risk for committing suicide. Warning signs that indicate an individual may be planning suicide include expressing feelings of extreme hopelessness, a preoccupation with death or dying, saying goodbye to relatives and friends and acting recklessly.
