You might think of ADHD, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, as a children's disorder. However, according to an article published by the American Academy of Family Physicians, or AAFP, 30 to 50 percent of children with ADHD go on to have symptoms in adulthood. Diagnosing ADHD isn't a clear-cut task, but it is important to the health and well-being of any adult who has the disorder.
Identification
According to the AAFP, ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that affects an estimated 3 to 5 percent of the population. In adults, it is characterized by an inability to focus and stay on task, difficulty following directions, excessive fidgeting or restlessness, an inability to cope with stress, outbursts of temper over small issues, a lack of self-motivation, poor time management skills and a continuous feeling of being "on edge." If you have ADHD, you may experience some, or all of these symptoms. Conversely, having a few of these symptoms doesn't mean that you have ADHD.
Significance
Adults with ADHD often struggle in their personal and professional lives. They may have difficulty holding down jobs and keeping important personal commitments. They tend to suffer high levels of stress because of poor organization and a lack of time-management skills. Additionally, they often perform below their own abilities and fall short of the expectations of others. These problems can lead to poor self-esteem, as well as feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness and depression.
Types
ADHD doesn't present itself in the same way for every person. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSMMD, has divided ADHD into three separate subtypes: predominately hyperactive, predominately inattentive, and a third, mixed subtype that has characteristics of both inattentive and hyperactive ADHD. The DSMMD also provides a list of symptoms attributable to each subtype.
Diagnosis
There are no simple genetic, medical or physical tests for ADHD. There are several tests that can determine the likelihood that you have the disorder, but a true diagnosis requires an extensive review of both your current behavioral patterns and your childhood tendencies. Because a diagnosis depends on your observations and a doctor's interpretation, and not on a clear-cut test result, there is always an element of subjectivity when ADHD is diagnosed. However, the DSMMD does provide clear diagnostic guidelines for doctors.
According to the DSMMD, to be diagnosed with ADHD, you must have had persistent symptoms since at least the age of 7. Also, you must exhibit at least six of the symptoms from the DSMMD's subtype criteria lists.
Treatment
Treatment for ADHD may include behavioral therapy, medication or some combination of both. Stimulants like Adderall, a type of amphetamine, are most often prescribed to treat ADHD. Stimulants enhance the availability of naturally produced brain chemicals such as dopamine and noreprinephrine, which improves concentration and promotes clear thinking. Behavioral therapy involves changing thought patterns, introducing new, productive habits and combating negative self-talk.
