Swelling of the legs and ankles is a common problem, especially among older people. This abnormal build-up of fluid is known as peripheral edema and is more noticeable in the lower extremity due to the effects of gravity, according to Medline Plus. Swelling can occur in just one, or in both legs. Generally, the cause of swelling in one leg is specifically related to that leg, such as an injury or an insect bite. However, swelling in both legs is not usually directly related to the legs at all, but to something affecting the entire body, such as prolonged sitting or standing. If excessive leg or ankle swelling is present, a physician should be consulted as to the cause, recommends the Mayo Clinic.
Common Causes
Several common problems are the causes of leg and ankle swelling. These include prolonged standing, long airplane or car rides, menstrual periods for some women and being overweight. Other common causes are more serious and may require medical intervention. These include swelling, as a result of injury or trauma to the leg or ankle, and also pregnancy, in which excessive swelling may be indicative of pre-eclampsia, a serious medical condition, reports MedlinePlus.
Medical Conditions
Leg and ankle swelling can be a sign for serious medical conditions. Swelling can indicate heart, liver, or kidney failure, a blood clot, leg infection, venous insufficiency or a lymphatic obstruction. A burn, insect bite or surgery can also cause swelling of the leg and ankle. In many cases, the swelling is not the only sign or symptom of the condition, but one of many, according to MedlinePlus.
Medications
Some medications can also be the cause of leg and ankle swelling. These medications include hormones, such as estrogen or testosterone, blood pressure medications called calcium channel blockers, steroids and antidepressants, including MAO inhibitors and tricyclics, reports MedlinePlus.
