Nails are composed of layers of keratin, a protective protein manufactured by the body. When the body does not receive enough of the nutrients needed to create healthy keratin, the result may be dry and brittle nails that crack and break easily. Dry, brittle nails can also be an inherited genetic trait. Taking vitamin supplements may help strengthen weakened nails by providing your body with missing nutrients. However, if cracking and peeling occur with other symptoms like nail discoloration, you should consult with your doctor as this may be a symptom of a more serious condition.
Biotin
Although other vitamins and minerals are associated with growing healthy, strong nails, biotin---also known as vitamin H---is the only vitamin that has been shown to improve nail strength in clinical trials. Biotin is a member of the B vitamin family, vitamins which are responsible for helping the body process food and convert it to energy. B vitamins and biotin, specifically, are known to help support the development of healthy hair, skin, and nails. Based on limited clinical results, a dose of at least 1,000 micrograms daily seems to be effective in strengthening nails; however you should discuss taking this high a dosage with your physician before starting.
Iron
Brittle nails can be a symptom of anemia. Anemia is a condition that can be caused by a vitamin or iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia and, according to the National Institutes of Health, approximately 20 percent of American women are probably iron-deficient. Iron supplements can help to treat anemia and correct brittle nails that result from this condition. It is recommended that iron supplements be taken with vitamin C, which helps the body to absorb the iron. Doses should not be taken with milk, which decreases the body's absorption.
B-12
A deficiency in vitamin B-12 can also cause anemia. Vitamin B-12 is required for the body to formulate red blood cells, for correct nerve functioning, and for the creation of DNA. Low levels of B-12 may lower your red blood cell count. This causes your body to have less energy available for the use of functions like keratin production, resulting in brittle, thin, lackluster hair, nails, and skin. Most people get adequate amounts of B-12 from red meat, fish, shellfish and dairy products, but vegans may be at risk for lower levels without supplementation. Consult your doctor immediately if you have any reason to think you could have a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Over-the-counter supplements are not adequate to treat a serious B-12 deficiency and the untreated condition could lead to serious damage to your nervous system.
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