Changes in a woman's breasts due to various reasons like hormonal fluctuations and injuries to the tissue prove common, and lumps do not always signify cancer. Though it can be scary to feel a lump in the breast during breast self-exam or inadvertently, most breast lumps don't prove cancerous, according to the Merck manual, with common causes including benign changes.
Cysts
The Mayo Clinic describes breast cysts as fluid-filled sacs that form because of a milk duct that has become dilated. They tend to feel round, smooth and firm to the touch, and when the breast is pressed, they move slightly. The area surrounding the cyst might also feel tender to the touch. Cysts occur more commonly in women over the age of 40 as a result of perimenopause and fluctuating hormone levels. Once menopause occurs, cysts typically do not appear.
Fibroadenomas
Fibroadenomas usually prove painless and feel like small marbles when the skin is pressed, according to the Merck manual. They originate from glandular and connective tissues, and during pregnancy, they may increase in size. The Mayo Clinic states that these types of lumps typically occur in women under the age of 40 and occur more commonly in African-American women.
Fat Necrosis
Sometimes, damaged fatty tissue that disintegrates can form breast lumps that feel painless, round and firm. According to Memorial Hospital, this condition typically pccurs in obese women who have large breasts. Fat necrosis usually occurs because of an injury to the breast or a bruise, and the skin around the lump can look bruised as well. These lumps can resemble cancer, so a definitive diagnosis usually includes removal of the lumps to look at them under a microscope.
Intraductal Papilloma
Intraductal papilloma is described by Memorial Hospital as involving small growths that resemble warts growing into breast ducts near the nipple. Individual intraductal papillomas often occur in women approaching menopause, but multiple intraductal papillomas usually occur in younger women. While a single intraductal papilloma does not need to be removed, multiple intraductal papillomas require removal.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer can present as a lump or swelling in the breast or underarm area. Thickening or dimpling of the skin near the lump may also occur, according to the American Cancer Society. The nipple might turn inward and a discharge may be present. To get a definitive diagnosis if cancer is suspected, a biopsy will typically be taken, along with imaging tests like ultrasounds and MRI.
