Bloating is a general term for any type of swelling or size increase in the stomach and abdomen. Many causes of bloating can occur that are typically related to excess gaseousness or increased fluid retention. While bloating rarely results in any serious medical complications, it can become very uncomfortable. Individuals concerned with bloating-related symptoms should consult a physician to understand the possible causes of bloating as well as any measures they should take to stop bloating.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK describes irritable bowel syndrome or IBS as a disorder with symptoms of intestinal cramping, abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloating. IBS often causes a great deal of pain and discomfort, but does not lead to any serious long-term medical problems. The causes of IBS remain largely unknown but are likely related to the manner in which the colon and large intestine respond to certain foods as well as to physical and psychological stress. Individuals with IBS can usually control IBS symptoms through diet, exercise and stress reduction. Bloating is a general symptom of IBS and may occur because of gaseousness related to IBS. Such bloating may occur because of certain high-fiber diets that are sometimes recommended to IBS sufferers.
Constipation
Constipation is one of the most common digestive-related complaints in the United States, says the NIDDK. Individuals with constipation often experience the feeling of an overly full bowel as well as bloating. It remains important to note that constipation itself is not a disease, but rather a symptom of some underlying condition, likely related to lack of exercise, low fluid intake or insufficient fiber in the diet. Constipation can also result as a side effect of a number of medications. While a high-fiber diet may provide relief from constipation, certain individuals may experience increased gaseousness and bloating in response to high-fiber foods.
Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance proves another common cause of bloating. MayoClinic.com explains that individuals with lactose intolerance cannot fully digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. When individuals with lactose intolerance eat dairy products, their digestive systems have difficulties processing lactose, leading to a variety of intestinal discomforts such as excess gaseousness and bloating.
Menstruation
In addition to excess gaseousness, bloating can also result because of excess water retention, a common symptom of premenstrual syndrome or PMS. PMS and water retention can cause a woman to feel bloated and heavy about a week before their period begins. The exact causes of water retention during PMS remain unknown but likely involve hormonal factors. MayoClinic.com explains that symptoms of bloating with PMS can be reduced through exercise or dietary measures such as limiting salt in the diet.
