Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the chickenpox virus. Once an individual comes down with chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in nerve tissues near the spinal cord and brain. MayoClinic.com points out that years later the virus can become activated and cause shingles. Viruses are left to run their course but there are ways to treat the symptoms, including severe pain and a body rash, caused by this type of infection.
Antiviral Medication
An antiviral medication is most effective if given within 72 hours of the initial signs of shingles. The first signs are often pain, burning, numbness, tingling, itching or redness on the skin. The most common location is the torso, such as the chest or the back. MayoClinic.com lists three possible options: acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir. These antiviral medicines work in much the same manner as an antibiotic for a bacterial infection. The medication helps the immune system fight off the virus, usually shortening the time an individual suffers from the infection.
The American Academy of Dermatology points out that antiviral drugs are most often used when the herpes threaten to spread to the eye. Intravenous administration of such drugs is possible when the eye is at risk. Use of the antiviral drug can reduce the risk of prolonged pain and itching long after the rash disappears, a potential complications with shingles.
Oral Medicines
Shingles pain is often severe, requiring prescription-strength pain medications. Several types of oral medications can be prescribed including narcotic pain relievers, antidepressants or anticonvulsants, as listed by MayoClinic.com. Such medications work by blocking pain messages sent to the brain. The American Academy of Dermatology explains that corticosteroids may be prescribed orally or topically in addition to antiviral medication to reduce skin inflammation.
Common over-the-counter pain relievers may provide temporary relief. These include ibuprofen, acetaminophen or naproxen-type medicines. Antihistamine drugs, like diphenhydramine, can improve itching.
Topical Pain Relief
Persistent shingles pain is often treated with lidocaine applied topically. Lidocaine comes in cream, gel, spray or skin patch form and is applied directly to the affected skin. Other over-the-counter remedies that may provide temporary pain relief include anti-itch creams, like calamine lotion or antihistamine creams. The National Institutes of Health suggests keeping the skin clean, bathing in colloidal oatmeal or using cool wet compresses to relieve pain.
