1. Identify the Symptoms of a Goiter
A goiter is simply an enlarged thyroid gland that's caused by a lack of the thyroid hormone. The gland becomes enlarged to compensate for this deficiency. You can usually identify a goiter as a distinct lump in your neck. In milder cases it may appear as a small nodule, while in more severe cases it may cause your entire neck to swell, creating difficulties with swallowing or even breathing.
2. Undergo the Right Testing and Exams to Confirm a Diagnosis
It's important to visit a doctor once you confirm the existence of a goiter. While unlikely to be cancerous, a goiter can swell to the point where you may have difficulty swallowing, eating or even breathing. A goiter can obstruct the esophagus and windpipe and cause you to wheeze and cough excessively as well.
Your doctor will perform a series of tests, such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and a free thyroxine (T4) test, to confirm the diagnosis. A thyroid scan and an ultrasound may also be used to identify the location of the goiter, and to see whether it is obstructing your esophagus or windpipe.
3. Explore Your Treatment Options
If your goiter is not causing any obstructions or pain, you may not have to treat it at all. Some people choose to have the thyroid gland treated merely if the lump becomes unsightly.
If the goiter is causing symptoms, it can be treated in a number of ways. Radioactive iodine can be used to shrink your thyroid gland back to its normal size. Surgery can be performed to remove part of the thyroid gland as well. If the goiter is caused by an iodine deficiency, then potassium iodine solution can be used to manage the condition. Your doctor will be able to help you choose the right option for treatment.
4. Beware of Complications
While goiters are usually benign, occasionally complications can occur that can jeopardize your health. Goiters can become toxic and produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, causing hyperthyroidism. A goiter can also have the opposite effect and prevent the body from making the hormone at all, which is known as hypothyroidism. Thyroid cancer can develop in rare cases as well. Contact your doctor immediately if you notice any symptoms such as difficulty with breathing or swallowing.
