The American Cancer Society says that 22.8 percent of Americans smoke cigarettes, nearly one in four people. Twenty-seven percent of those who smoke are 18 to 24. Smoking is the single greatest avoidable cause of death and disease, according to the Surgeon General. Because smoking compromises health so severely it is imperative that smokers quit. Fortunately, a number of agents are available for those who are committed to kicking the habit.
Nicotine Replacement
Nicotine is the addictive chemical in cigarettes. It is as addictive as heroin or cocaine, according to the American Cancer Society. One way to assist smokers who want to quit is replacing that nicotine with lozenges, patches, nasal spray or inhalers that contain nicotine. The smoker must abstain from smoking entirely, as smoking while using a replacement can lead to toxic levels of nicotine. The smoker is weaned off the replacement, usually in about 12 weeks. The American Cancer Society advises combining nicotine replacement with a smoking-cessation program.
Bupropion
Bupropion is a prescription antidepressant that has been found to reduce the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, including cravings, dizziness, tremors, nausea and irritability. Bupropion and nicotine replacement are sometimes recommended for very heavy smokers, according to the American Cancer Society. This medication is not for patients who have seizures, heavy alcohol use or bipolar disease.
Varenicline
Varenicline is a medication designed specifically to help smokers quit. Varenicline, taken twice a day for 12 weeks, reduces smoking's pleasurable sensations and decreases withdrawal symptoms. The American Cancer Society notes that some studies show this drug to be a more effective than bupropion. Varenicline, however, can have side effects including nausea, headache, vomiting and problems sleeping. Among the more troubling reports are instances of severe depression. Any serious side effects should be reported to a physician. Studies to determine the safety of varenicline with nicotine replacement are insufficient.
