An Achilles tendon tear is a painful condition in which the tendon connecting the calf to the heel ruptures. People who rupture this tendon may encounter difficulty walking, running and jumping.
Types
According to Drugs.com, an Achilles tendon tear can occur anywhere along the length of the tendon but is most common near the heel bone. The tear may completely sever the tendon or it may occur as a partial tear, leaving a portion of the tendon undamaged. Most Achilles tendon tears are acute, but the problem can become chronic if treatment is delayed. The injury may come about suddenly, sometimes with a loud popping sound, or a tear may develop slowly over time with repeated motion that gradually rips the tendon.
Causes and Risk Factors
An Achilles tendon tear occurs when more pressure is put on the tendon than it can withstand. This is often the result of a household injury, such as falling off a ladder, or from injuries incurred during participation in recreational sports. According to the Mayo Clinic, injuries often occur in areas of the tendon where the blood flow is less. People who are between 30 and 40 years old, are overweight, have had a previous tendon tear or are male are more likely to tear their Achilles tendon. Participation in recreational sports such as soccer, basketball or hockey also increases the risk of rupture.
Symptoms and Signs
People who get a complete tear of the Achilles tendon may hear an audible pop or crack when it breaks. Pain in the affected leg usually is severe, and the person can encounter problems maintaining balance, putting weight on the affected leg, going up and down stairs and staying upright while walking. A bruise may appear on the back of the calf or ankle, and the person may feel swelling or stiffness in the area.
Treatment
If the rupture is complete, surgery is generally required to repair the Achilles tendon. In Achilles tendon surgery, the torn tendon is sewn back together and possibly reinforced, using tissue from other tendons if necessary. After surgery, the person has to wear a cast or other immobilizing device for six to eight weeks, according to American Family Physician. For partial tears, immobilizing the area in a cast or medical boot may allow the torn pieces to grow back together. After treatment, most patients go through physical therapy for four to six months to regain the use of the injured leg and foot.
Prevention
Stretching before sports or exercise can help prevent an Achilles tendon tear. If a person chooses not to avoid potentially damaging activities, it's a good idea to buy properly fitted athletic shoes and take breaks whenever pain is felt during exercise. Alternating high-impact sports or activities with lower-impact ones may also help keep the body in shape while avoiding an Achilles tendon tear.
