Dark spots on the skin can appear just about everywhere. While they are typically only a cosmetic concern, it's wise to contact a dermatologist to rule out a more serious condition like skin cancer. Depending on the cause of the discoloration, treatment options may be available. According to the Mayo Clinic, most dark spots can be prevented or lessened by applying sunscreen 20 minutes prior to venturing outside, even on cloudy days.
Sun Damage
Too much sun exposure may cause dark spots to form on the skin. These discolorations may be referred to as age spots, since they traditionally appear in middle age. However, young people can suffer from them as well.
According to the Mayo Clinic, the body produces extra melanin, a dark brown skin pigment, to protect itself against too much sun exposure. The pigment causes our skin to tan, but sometimes it is produced irregularly, which leads to the formation of sun spots. The spots typically occur on the face, arms, hands and upper back--areas most likely to be exposed to the sun.
Acne
Persistent acne can leave dark spots on the skin. The good news, as noted by the American Academy of Dermatology, is that these spots are not the same as acne scars. They will eventually fade, but it's likely to take months.
The AAD recommends certain measures to cause the spots to fade faster, such as wearing sunscreen--the sun causes the spots to appear darker--using bleaching creams, getting a chemical peel or trying microdermabrasion. Consult a dermatologist prior to using creams or getting a peel or microdermabrasion to ensure that the spots are truly from acne and not another condition that such treatments may worsen. If you plan on getting a peel or microdermabrasion outside of a dermatologist's office, choose a licensed aesthetician.
Pregnancy
Dark spots on the skin are so common during pregnancy that they are referred to as the mask of pregnancy. The medical term for these dark spots is melasma or chlosma. According to the American Pregnancy Association, when a woman becomes pregnant her hormone levels increase, which in turn causes an increase in skin pigmentation. The spots are most common on the forehead and the cheeks. Although it is possible, there is no guarantee that the spots will go away after pregnancy. Wearing sunscreen is the best way to protect the skin against melasma.
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