Salmonella typhi bacterium, normally found in contaminated food and water sources in underdeveloped countries, produces an acute infection known as typhoid fever disease. Individuals traveling from the United States to typhoid-endemic areas should receive a typhoid vaccination, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC. Two typhoid vaccines currently administered in the United States, an oral live vaccine and an inactivated injection, prompt an immune response that builds protection against the typhoid disease and can be accompanied with side effects.
Injection Site Reactions
Approximately 7 percent of those vaccinated may endure local reactions caused by the typhoid injection. According to the CDC, symptoms of a local reaction can include swelling, inflammation, tenderness or redness at the injection site and may last 48 to 72 hours post vaccination. Pain relievers bought over-the-counter or by prescription, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, can mollify bothersome reactions. Prior to taking any medication, patients should become familiar with and follow all package insert instructions and directions provided by the pharmacist or physician. A cool compress on the injection site may also dwindle irritation. Contact a health care provider if symptoms last greater than 72 hours.
Fever and Headache
According to the National Network for Immunization Information, NNII, fever and headache are among the two most common reactions that accompany the typhoid vaccination. Relatively 5 percent of individuals who receive the oral vaccine and 1 percent who receive the injection suffer from at least one of the two symptoms. The CDC reports that 21 to 23 percent of those inoculated may miss up to a day or two of work due these reactions. Over-the-counter or prescribed acetaminophen or ibuprofen can effectively relieve pain and reduce fever. Soaking in tepid water may also reduce fever, as it lowers body temperature. Cool or cold water should not be used because it can induce shivering, which increases body temperature. If symptoms do not taper or become aggravated, contact a health care provider.
Nausea or Vomiting
Nausea or vomiting may affect up to 1 percent of individuals that receive the oral vaccine and may occur shortly after ingestion. Over-the-counter anti-emetic medications, such as bismuth subsalicylate, can counter gastrointestinal symptoms. In cases of uncontrolled, severe vomiting, fluid and water intake should be increased to prevent dehydration. If symptoms do not subside, contact a health care provider as soon as possible.
References
- National Network for Immunization Information (NNII): Typhoid Vaccine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Typhoid Vaccine Information Statement
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Typhoid Immunization Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
Member Comments