1. Observe the Size of a Baby's Head at Birth
Children born with hydrocephalus will have heads that are noticeably larger than those of other children. The frontal lobe area, in particular, will be enlarged, and it will appear that the skull is pushing outward. This is due to the buildup of spinal fluid in the child's skull. When a child is born with hydrocephalus, the normal flow of spinal fluid is blocked and fluid accumulates in the head, pushing on the skull. There is nothing that can be done to prevent this, and it will be apparent immediately at birth.
2. Recognize Adult Onset Cases
Adults can develop hydrocephalus too, though this is a less common condition. Many different things can cause it, such as injuries, infections and strokes. Any of these things can cause fluid to build up inside the head. However, not all adults develop the enlarged head that is so typical of children with hydrocephalus. This is due to the more fixed nature of the skulls of adults. Therefore, doctors need to look out for nausea, balance problems, bladder control problems, headaches, confusion and personality changes in any adult who has experienced an event that could cause adult-onset hydrocephalus.
3. Be Aware of Subtle Symptoms in the Elderly
Elderly people are susceptible to a condition known as "normal pressure hydrocephalus." In this condition (which can be caused by a tumor, stroke or other physical condition), the normal pathways through which spinal fluid flows become blocked. However, the pressure inside the elderly person's head remains normal. The signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus can include headaches and confusion and often follow a traumatic physical event. However, because the signs are so subtle and can have so many other causes, a definite diagnosis can only be obtained from a qualified physician.
