Black cohosh, also called black snake root, rattle root and squawroot, is used to treat symptoms related to menopause. While research available as of May 2010 shows conflicting results, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recognizes its ability to improve hot flashes and night sweats. Black cohosh may also reduce inflammation related to arthritis and slow down bone loss. However, you should be aware that it may cause liver damage and should not be used for more than six months.
Glycosides
Glycosides are molecules that consist of a carbohydrate (sugar) bound to a non-carbohydrate molecule. Used by plants to store chemicals, when the bond breaks, a medically active substance is released. Black cohosh contains multiple glycosides called triterpene glycosides, or saponins. They may provide antifungal or antibacterial effects, and research indicates they may also help to lower cholesterol. The National Institutes of Health notes that extracts of black cohosh are standardized to the glycoside 26-deoxyacetein. Supplements typically contain 1 mg of 26-deoxyacetein in each 20 mg dose.
Isoferulic Acid
Isoferulic acid provides an anti-inflammatory effect. In November 2009, the Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology published a study of active compounds found in black cohosh. It concluded that isoferulic acid was the ingredient primarily responsible for reducing inflammation. The study noted that it may be beneficial in treating rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases.
Phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens are compounds found in plants that act like estrogen in the body. The estrogenic effects of this class of substances may reduce menopausal symptoms, slow bone loss, lower cholesterol and improve cardiovascular health. However, studies about the effects of phytoestrogens in black cohosh produce contradictory results. Due to this uncertainty, you should talk to your doctor before taking black cohosh. Memorial Sloan-Kettering notes that black cohosh contains 15 to 20 percent of a phytoestrogen called cimicifugin. It may also have small amounts of a substance called formononetin, which can be converted into a phytoestrogen.
Other Constituents
Additional ingredients found in black cohosh include salicylic acid, tannins and fatty acids.
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