The plastic that is found in most water bottles---polyethylene terephtalate, or PET---is derived from petroleum and does not break down naturally, explains Science Daily. When it is not properly recycled, PET can end up in landfills and ditches for several hundred years. Some people reuse these bottles thinking they are saving both money and the environment. Reusing these bottles can contribute to a variety of problems.
Plastic Breakdown
Over time, the plastic water bottles begin to disintegrate slowly. Even though they are not biodegradable by themselves, particles break down as a result of everyday wear and tear through handling, a difference in internal temperature and direct exposure to sunlight. This makes the plastic weaker and more brittle. In some cases, the plastic can even shatter when reused repeatedly over a period of time, which can be a real danger to those who reuse water bottles. Plastic particles and chips can break off into the contents of the bottle and can easily be swallowed. Some plastic edges can be sharp, which can cause cuts and break through the skin. According to Margrit von Braun, a University of Idaho professor, most water bottles are meant for single use only. Commenting on the results of a study conducted on water bottle reuse on her campus, she observed, "The longer you used it, the more stuff ended up in the water."
Chemical Leaching
One of the biggest concerns over reusing plastic bottles relates to its chemical leaching capabilities. In a 2008 "Scientific American" article, David Biello explains that when many plastic water bottles are exposed to heat, hot water or, in some cases, frozen, they can leach chemicals into the bottle. When the bottle is refilled or reused, these chemicals can easily enter into the body. The main compound in question is bisphenol A or BPA. This is a type of synthetic chemical that replicates female hormones. It can cause an array of negative and potentially life threatening side effects according to the website Our Stolen Future. BPA can cause a decrease in sperm count, promote human breast cancer cell growth, insulin resistance and can negatively impact prostate health.
Bacteria
Bacteria that ends up in water bottles can come from two sources: the initial source and a secondary source. The initial source means that the water may not have been purified or sanitized properly before the bottling process. This could be directly from the water source or from the bottling process. Bacteria from a tap or open air water container could also harbor bacteria, and some of these bacteria can be harmful to your health. The Natural Resources Defense Council explains some of the bacteria found in water bottles. Coliform, one of the most commonly found bacterias, can cause such health problems as infections and problems with the digestive and gastrointestinal system. Nitrate can cause blue baby syndrome in infants because it compromises the blood's capability to use oxygen. Arsenic is a human carcinogen that can cause skin problems and issues with the human nervous system. Trihalomethanes and phthalate are some of the most serious contaminates. They can contribute to cancer, birth defects and endocrine problems.
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