Runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing and coughing. All of these are symptoms of the common cold, or upper respiratory infection. The Children's Hospital Boston estimates that Americans will suffer from more than 1 billion colds in one year. A cold can transpire from one of more than 200 viruses--viruses that do not respond to a doctor's prescription. People suffering from the effects of this infection can take measures to relieve its symptoms.
Increase Fluids
The viruses responsible for the common cold cause inflammation in the lining of the membranes of the nose and throat, as the Children's Hospital Boston explains. Increasing fluids helps moisten these linings and prevent dehydration. Water, clear juices and broth or warm water with lemon all help relieve congestion, while carbonated and caffeinated drinks, along with alcoholic beverages, tend to make it worse.
Eat Chicken Soup
Many may consider chicken soup as a cure for the common cold to be an old wives' tale, but the Mayo Clinic makes the benefits of this tasty tradition exceptionally clear. Not only does it work as an anti-inflammatory, blocking the immune system cells partially responsible for inflammation when the cold strikes, it speeds the movement--albeit temporary--of mucus. This movement helps relieve chest congestion while limiting the time a virus remains in the lining of the nose.
Nasal Sprays
Saline nasal sprays are safe for children and adults, helping to relieve congestion and stuffiness. The sprays, unlike nasal decongestants, do not cause symptoms to worsen, which is known also as a rebound effect, as the Mayo Clinic explains. For infants, it is better to place a few drops into one nostril to provide moisture, and then gently suction it out with a bulb syringe. Nasal saline drops are available without a prescription.
Pain Relievers
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as sore throat spray and lozenges, or acetaminophen and ibuprofen, are an options for those with sore throats, ear pain and headaches. Lozenges should not be given to young children, as they are a choking hazard. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states it is safe to administer acetaminophen to infants under 6 months of age, while children over the age of 6 months can take either acetaminophen or ibuprofen. It is imperative for parents to discuss the right dosage for their child with his pediatrician. Aspirin should not be given to children, as it can result in Reye's syndrome, a rare condition affecting a child's liver and brain--in some cases this condition is fatal.
Use a Humidifier
Colds are more prevalent in winter because of the drier indoor conditions. This dry air results in a scratchy throat and stuffy nose, as it dries the mucus membranes. To combat this, use a humidifier in the home--it adds moisture to the air. Be sure to change the water every day and clean it according to its instructions on a weekly basis to prevent mold and bacteria from developing.
