No cure exists for the common cold, only over-the-counter medications and at-home treatments to help relieve its symptoms. In children, the symptoms may vary by age. Infants typically present with nasal congestion, fever and fussiness, while older children usually complain of a sore throat, headaches and body aches. The treatment of these symptoms depend on age, medical history, tolerance of medications and a parent's personal preference.
Saline Drops
Saline nasal drops help relieve nasal congestion by providing moisture and loosening mucus. Parents of infants can administer drops into the nostril and use a bulb nasal syringe to remove the mucus. Older children can use these drops as well with the same results, using tissue to remove the mucus. As the Mayo Clinic points out, saline drops are safe for both infants and children, and they do not worsen the symptoms once use is discontinued as nasal decongestants tend to do.
Humidifier
The drier the air, the worse cold symptoms can be, as the common cold tends to thrive in dry conditions. A cool mist humidifier adds moisture to the air and provides moisture for the mucus membranes in a child's nose and throat. The Mayo Clinic recommends changing the water daily and cleaning the machine according to the instructions; doing so prevents the growth of mold, bacteria and fungi which can spread through the air.
Give the Steam Treatment
Steam helps loosen both chest and nasal congestion, allowing the child to breathe easier. Parents of younger children should run a hot shower with the door shut, allowing the room to fill with steam. They can then sit in the room with their child for five to 10 minutes.
Parents of older children can boil water on the stove. Once removing the pan from the stove, pour the water into a bowl and have the child breathe the steam in. For maximum efficacy, place a towel over the child's head; this allows the child to reap the total benefits of the steam.
Pain Relievers
The common cold often causes aches and pains, especially headaches and sore throats. To help provide relief, acetaminophen is safe and effective for children under the age of 6 months, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, while children 6 months and older can take acetaminophen and ibuprofen. It is necessary to check with their pediatrician for correct dosage. Aspirin is never an option for children under the age of 12, as it may cause Reye's syndrome, a condition that can be fatal.
Drink Up
Fluids are a vital when treating the cold in children. Not only do extra fluids prevent dehydration from occurring, they help loosen chest congestion. Clear fluids are the best, and include water and apple juice. Clear broth may given as well.
