1. Transmission of the Rubella Virus
German measles is a viral disease, and it's transmitted the same way many viruses pass from one person to another: through close physical contact. You might contract the rubella virus that causes German measles through contact with an infected person's secretions, primarily mucus. Since coughing and sneezing are common symptoms of German measles, you should avoid unnecessary interaction with infected individuals. Doctors also note that significant traces of the virus are often present on the skin, so you can catch the virus through an act as simple as shaking hands.
If you're an expectant mother, you can also pass the virus to your unborn child if you contract it within the first half of your pregnancy. This can result in serious post-birth complications in your child, known as congenital rubella syndrome, or CRS.
2. Causes of Domestic Cases
Because most children in developed Western nations receive measles vaccinations, domestic cases are relatively rare. However, instances have been on the rise in recent years, and researchers suspect there are two reasons for the spike. First, some parents elect not to get their children vaccinated, since there are some fears that the vaccines for measles and mumps are linked to increased autism rates. However, this has not been proven conclusively. Talk to your pediatrician if you have concerns about the safety of the vaccine.
Second, experts think that increases in the adult immigrant population in Western nations are linked to the resurgence of rubella infection. People who come from countries where children aren't vaccinated against the measles can contract the disease and then spread it in their adopted country. The best solution to protect yourself and your children is vaccination.
3. Considerations for Travelers
You should make sure your vaccinations are current before traveling to a part of the world where German measles is still a common disease. This is especially important if you're an expectant mother because of the specific risks the condition poses for unborn children. Talk to your doctor about your travel plans well in advance of your departure to make sure any vaccines or boosters you need have time to take effect before your trip.
