A dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan or DEXA scan, also called a bone mineral density, BMD scan, uses low-dose x-rays to test the amount of calcium and other types of minerals present in a section of the bone. A DEXA scan typically measures bone density in the lower spine or hip, and a doctor uses the scan along with other risk factors to predict the risk of bone fractures.
General Screening
Medline Plus recommends a DEXA scan as a general screening for those at an increased risk for osteoporosis. A DEXA scan can identify decreases in bone density before any bone fractures occur. Factors that increase the risk for osteoporosis include women over the age of 65 and men over age of 70; a post-menopausal woman not taking estrogen therapy; individuals who have type 1 diabetes, liver disease and a kidney disease or a family history of osteoporosis. Other risk factors include chronic rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney diseases and eating disorders; a history of hormone treatment for prostate cancer or breast cancer; taking corticosteroid medications every day for more than three months, and a history of smoking or moderate drinking.
Diagnose Osteoporosis
According to MayoClinic.com, A DEXA scan can confirm the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis involves a gradual loss of calcium, as well as structural changes, along with the bones becoming thinner and more fragile, which makes them more susceptible to breaking. Osteoporosis tends to occur with age because the bones get weaker. Other predisposing factors for developing osteoporosis include ethnicity--women of Southeastern Asian have the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis, low body weight or weighing less than 125 pounds for the average height and a prior history of mild-trauma fractures, such as hip fractures.
Monitor Osteoporosis Treatment
A DEXA scan monitors and tracks the effects of treatment for osteoporosis, reports RadiologyInfo.org. The scan results determine the effectiveness of the treatment by estimating the risk of developing a fracture and how much bone density remains, because the higher the bone mineral content, the denser the bones. More bone density means stronger bones; which results in fewer fractures. The doctor evaluates the current medication used in treating the condition, and in relation to the results, decides if an alternative medication is needed.
