Chronic pulmonary disease, also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, is a group of serious lung diseases that obstructs the intake of air. This results in severe disability since there is no cure. The American Lung Association, or ALA, says that COPD is the fourth leading cause of death, affecting more than 12 million Americans. The prevalence of COPD continues to grow with more women dying from it than men. Treatment can help to manage the symptoms.
Smoker's Cough
According to the Mayo Clinic, the most important risk factor for COPD is long-term cigarette smoking. Symptoms typically appearing around 10 years after smoking starts. Thus, the lung damage that causes chronic pulmonary disease occurs slowly over a period of years. The most common symptom of COPD is "smoker's cough." MayoClinic.com explains this as a chronic coughing episode that occurs upon awakening, which is especially seen in those who smoke. Also, the episodes of chronic coughing usually produce yellow phlegm, or sputum.
Shortness of Breath
Another symptom of chronic lung disease that presents as this disease progresses is that of persistent shortness of breath. This frequently occurs with wheezing and during exertion; as COPD progresses, it becomes more difficult to perform normal activities of daily living. The feeling of chest tightness and not being able to take in a deep breath is common, which can produce anxiety. As breathing progressively worsens, the effort tends to result in extreme fatigue and weakness.
Barrel Chest
The physical appearance of the chest may begin to change as COPD worsens. Specifically, it may take on a rounded appearance that looks like a barrel, which is why it is referred to as a "barrel chest" symptom of chronic lung disease. According to MayoClinic.com, this occurs over time because chronic lung over-inflation makes the rib cage expand; the barrel shape results from the rib cage remaining partially and chronically expanded.
Frequent Infections
It is common for individuals with chronic pulmonary disease to develop frequent colds and lung infections that may last for longer periods of time in contrast to healthy people. This further decreases the respiratory system's ability to function, which only adds to a significantly impaired quality of life. As a person's condition continues to deteriorate with this chronically severe disease, episodes of major shortness of breath can be life-endangering and even fatal.
