The thought of air pollution often evokes images of factory smoke stacks and smog surrounding urban areas, but the air you breath in your own home can be just as dangerous. In fact, because people spend 90 percent of their time indoors, indoor air pollution poses a greater risk to many people than outdoor air pollution, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA. Many potential sources of indoor air pollution exist, and young children, the elderly and people with chronic conditions, such as asthma or heart disease, are most at risk.
Tobacco Smoke
Tobacco smoke is a mixture of 4,000 chemical compounds, including more than 40 carcinogens, according to the EPA. Secondhand smoke is a major contributor to indoor air pollution in homes where smokers live, and it is especially dangerous for infants, young children and those who have asthma. According to the EPA, secondhand smoke accounts for between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respiratory infections in kids younger than 18 months.
Radon
Radon, which is a byproduct of the breakdown of uranium, can seep into homes and buildings and contribute to indoor air pollution. Too much exposure to the colorless, odorless gas can cause lung cancer, according to the EPA. In fact, radon exposure causes about 14,000 deaths each year in the United States, the EPA reports.
Cooking Fuels
Cooking meals and heating homes with solid fuels on an open fire can greatly increase indoor air pollution, according to the World Health Organization. And because more than 3 billion people in the world regularly use solid fuels, such as coal and wood for heating and cooking, indoor air pollution is a major health risk in many parts of the world. The smoke caused by these fuel sources contains a high amount of particulate matter and is also high in carbon monoxide.
Biological Contaminants
Biological contaminants, such as mold, mildew, pet dander, dust and pollen, also contribute to indoor air pollution, according to the EPA. These contaminants can pose health risks for people with allergies and those with respiratory conditions such as asthma. Some biological sources of indoor air pollution can be controlled by using a dehumidifier to control the humidity level in a home. Optimal indoor humidity levels are between 30 percent and 50 percent, according to the EPA.
Household Products
Many common household products, such as cleaners and paint, can release organic compounds that contribute to indoor air pollution, according to the EPA. To control exposure to these compounds, carefully follow label directions for these types of products and limit their use when possible.
Building Materials
Building materials containing lead, formaldehyde and asbestos can also contribute to indoor air pollution. Although asbestos and lead are not commonly used in building practices today because of health risks, they may be present in older homes. To decrease exposure to these potentially dangerous materials, ask about the safety of building materials you are using in your home.
