Gastroesophageal reflux occurs in infants when the stomach contents back up into the esophagus instead of working their way through the digestive system. The National Institutes of Health points out that a small amount of gastroesophageal reflux, or GER, is normal in an infant. Persistent reflux can cause frequent vomiting, irritation of the esophagus and fussiness. More frequent and severe instances, called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, can cause serious complications in an infant.
Weight Loss
An infant who vomits and experiences abdominal pain with GER may begin refusing to eat to avoid discomfort. These symptoms can lead to the infant losing weight or failing to gain at a steady rate. MayoClinic.com points out that this complication is rare.
Aspiration Pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia is a possible complication of GER in an infant. This condition occurs when the stomach contents are expelled into the lungs, explains the National Institutes of Health. An infant with this condition may show signs of trouble breathing, choking or wheezing. MayoClinic.com suggests other signs of illness can accompany aspiration pneumonia, including fever, lethargy and fussiness.
Esophageal Damage
The lining of the esophagus is coated in mucus to lubricate and protect it. When the stomach acids return up the tube, they can cause damage. The Nemours Foundation's Kids Health website suggests frequent persistent GER, or GERD, can cause irritation, swelling, scarring and narrowing of the esophagus. In some cases the esophagus will develop ulcers or open wounds that can bleed. These complications can be prevented with early treatment of the reflux condition with medication, some of which can actually help repair damage already done.
