The most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, known as irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, affects approximately 10 to 15 percent of people in the U.S., according to the International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. IBS involves a combination of symptoms consisting of abdominal pain and constipation, diarrhea or an alternating pattern of these problems. IBS can occur at any age, but it often begins in adolescence or early adulthood.
Causes
Researchers have yet to discover any specific cause for IBS, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. One theory is that people who suffer from IBS have a colon that is particularly sensitive and reactive to certain foods and stress. MedlinePlus explains that certain foods and stress can cause problems with muscle movement in the intestine or cause a lower tolerance for stretching of the intestine, resulting in IBS symptoms.
Risk Factors
Young people, females and people who have a family history of IBS are more prone to developing IBS, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Symptoms
Abdominal pain, bloating or discomfort, the main symptoms associated with IBS, can vary from person to person. Other people may experience hard, infrequent bowel movements, while others may experience frequent, loose, watery stools. Some people with IBS find that their symptoms subside for a few months and then return, while others report a constant worsening of symptoms over time. People more susceptible to severe IBS symptoms include those who suffer from anxiety or depression disorders, suggests the Mayo Clinic.
Complications
Diarrhea and constipation, both signs of irritable bowel syndrome, can aggravate hemorrhoids. Additionally, IBS can impact a person's overall quality life, as it may limit her ability to keep plans with family and friends, enjoy a healthy sex life and reach her professional potential. Quality of life may be impacted due to uncontrollable symptoms that may get in the way of social engagements.
Diagnosis
There is no standard test to check for IBS. A family physician usually diagnoses IBS based on a patient's description of his symptoms.
Treatment
Relief of symptoms, the number-one goal of treatment, can be improved through making lifestyle changes. MedlinePlus reports that regular exercise, dietary changes and improved sleep habits may reduce anxiety and help relieve bowel symptoms. Other possible treatment options are counseling in cases of severe anxiety or depression, antidiarrheal medications for those whose main symptom is diarrhea, low-dose antidepressants to help relieve intestinal pain and medications to stimulate bowel movements for those with constipation.
