Degenerative diseases are characterized by progressive tissue or organ deterioration. Degenerative diseases affect all parts of the body, including the nervous system, digestion, skin, heart, spine, joints and eyes. The "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition" reports that chronic and degenerative diseases are the major causes of death in middle and old age.
Canavan Disease
Canavan disease is a cerebral degenerative disease that affects infants. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke says that Canavan disease, caused by mutations in the aspartoacylase enzyme gene, has symptoms such as mental retardation, feeding difficulties, paralysis and poor muscle tone. In order to have an affected child, both parents must have the defective gene. Prenatal screening is available for the defective gene that causes Canavan disease.
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the brain that slowly causes the loss of mental and physical abilities. The National Institute on Aging reports that over 5 million Americans may be living with Alzheimer's disease. Stages of Alzheimer's disease include memory loss, difficulty handling day-to-day tasks, difficulty with reasoning or coping, and total dependency on caregivers. Treatment consists of managing symptoms and encouraging mental activity.
Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative disc disease occurs as part of the aging process with the wear and tear put on the discs in the spinal column. Water loss in the discs from aging or injury reduces their ability to act as cushions between vertebrae. The University of Maryland Medical Center states that the most common symptom of degenerative disc disease is pain in the lower back and thighs. Diagnostic tests to confirm degenerative disc disease include X-rays and MRI scans. Treatment depends on the extent of the injury and the amount of discomfort. Options include medications to reduce inflammation and for pain control, muscle relaxants, physical therapy and strengthening exercises.
Degenerative Joint Disease
Degenerative joint disease, also known as osteoarthritis, can affect the spine, hips, neck, hands, low back and/or knees. The Arthritis Foundation reports that osteoarthritis, a breakdown of the cartilage in the joints, affects nearly 27 million Americans. Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, with the first signs usually beginning after the age of 40. Treatment includes management of the symptoms of pain and stiffness, such as with medication, heat or ice on the joints, physical therapy, rest and weight loss, if needed.
References
- "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition": Degenerative Diseases as Cause of Death
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Canavan Disease
- National Institute on Aging: Alzheimer's Disease
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Degenerative Disc Disease
- Arthritis Foundation: Degenerative Joint Disease
