A generally harmless substance known as an allergen can irritate the immune system of sensitized individuals, causing an allergic reaction. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, AAAAI, conducted a national study which found that one or more allergens afflict approximately 55 percent of U.S. citizens. A collective few of common allergens are responsible for nearly all allergy symptoms.
Pollen
Trees, grasses, weeds and plants generate a powdery substance known as pollen, the most common of all allergens. Those affected by pollen can suffer from stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, and itching in the eyes, throat and nose. The highest pollen levels are generally in the morning, particularly on gusty days; rain temporarily lowers pollen levels. An allergist can determine the best approach for coping with allergies. Examples listed by the AAAAI of possible treatments include medication, minimize exposure and allergy injections.
Dust Mites
Dust mites are undetectable household pests that thrive in balmy surroundings and feed on dead skin cells. According to the AAAAI, dust mites usually habitat in carpeting, upholstered furniture and bedding. Waste products left by dust mites can prompt a reaction in allergic individuals that can result in symptoms, such as runny nose, sneezing, coughing and in extreme cases difficulty breathing.
Although dust mites cannot be totally avoided, preventative measures, such as using a dehumidifier and frequent dusting and vacuuming, can drastically reduce the amount of dust mites found in the home.
Food Allergies
The AAAAI reports that in the U.S., food allergies affect about 6 percent of children and 4 percent of adults. Milk, eggs, peanuts, fish, shellfish, soy and wheat are among the most common, responsible for about 90 percent of food allergy reactions. Mild to moderate symptoms of a reaction can include itching, hives, difficulty breathing and gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Seemingly mild symptoms have the potential of progressing into a severe, life-threatening reaction known as anaphylactic shock. The primary treatment for a food allergy is dietary avoidance. Those with severe food allergies should carry an epinephrine pen in case of accidental ingestion.
